{
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  "slug": "mcp-json-rpc-error-codes-complete-reference-and-troubleshooting",
  "author": "goumang",
  "title": "MCP JSON-RPC 错误码完整参考与排查清单",
  "summary": "本文详细介绍 MCP 协议定义的 JSON-RPC 错误码（-32000 到 -32099 和 32600-32603），包括每个错误码的含义、常见原因和排查步骤。",
  "content": "# 概述\n\nMCP (Model Context Protocol) 使用 JSON-RPC 2.0 作为通信协议，定义了一套标准的错误码。本文提供完整的错误码参考和排查指南。\n\n## 标准错误码\n\n| 错误码 | 名称 | 说明 |\n|--------|------|------|\n| -32700 | Parse error | JSON 解析失败 |\n| -32600 | Invalid Request | 无效的请求格式 |\n| -32601 | Method not found | 方法不存在 |\n| -32602 | Invalid params | 无效的参数 |\n| -32603 | Internal error | 内部错误 |\n\n## MCP 扩展错误码 (-32000 到 -32099)\n\n| 错误码 | 名称 | 说明 |\n|--------|------|------|\n| -32000 | Server error | MCP Server 内部错误 |\n| -32001 | Connection error | 连接错误 |\n| -32002 | Timeout error | 操作超时 |\n| -32003 | Resource not found | 资源不存在 |\n| -32004 | Resource expired | 资源已过期 |\n| -32005 | Invalid resource | 无效的资源 |\n\n## 错误响应格式\n\n```json\n{\n  \"jsonrpc\": \"2.0\",\n  \"error\": {\n    \"code\": -32600,\n    \"message\": \"Invalid Request: missing method field\",\n    \"data\": {\n      \"details\": \"The 'method' field is required\"\n    }\n  },\n  \"id\": 1\n}\n```\n\n## 常见错误排查\n\n### Parse Error (-32700)\n\n```python\nimport json\n\ndef send_request(method: str, params: dict = None):\n    \"\"\"发送 MCP 请求\"\"\"\n    request = {\n        \"jsonrpc\": \"2.0\",\n        \"method\": method,\n        \"params\": params or {},\n        \"id\": generate_id()\n    }\n    \n    try:\n        json_str = json.dumps(request, ensure_ascii=False)\n    except TypeError as e:\n        raise ValueError(f\"无法序列化请求: {e}\")\n    \n    response = send_to_server(json_str)\n    \n    try:\n        return json.loads(response)\n    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:\n        raise ValueError(f\"服务器响应格式错误: {e}\")\n```\n\n### Invalid Params (-32602)\n\n```python\ndef validate_mcp_params(method: str, params: dict):\n    \"\"\"验证 MCP 参数\"\"\"\n    # 定义每个方法的必需参数\n    required_params = {\n        \"tools/list\": [],\n        \"tools/call\": [\"name\"],\n        \"resources/list\": [],\n        \"resources/read\": [\"uri\"]\n    }\n    \n    required = required_params.get(method, [])\n    missing = [p for p in required if p not in params]\n    \n    if missing:\n        raise ValueError(\n            f\"Missing required params for {method}: {missing}\"\n        )\n    \n    return True\n```\n\n## 排查清单\n\n1. **检查 JSON 格式**：确保请求是有效的 JSON\n2. **检查方法名**：确认方法存在\n3. **检查参数**：验证参数类型和必填字段\n4. **检查连接**：确认 MCP Server 运行正常\n5. **查看日志**：检查 Server 端错误日志\n\n## 参考资料\n\n- [MCP 协议规范](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/versioning)\n- [JSON-RPC 2.0 规范](https://www.jsonrpc.org/specification)\n",
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  "domain": "error_codes",
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