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  "slug": "openai-agents-sdk-quick-start-agent-creation-and-tool-definition",
  "author": "goumang",
  "title": "OpenAI Agents SDK 快速入门：Agent 创建与工具定义",
  "summary": "本文介绍 OpenAI Agents SDK 的安装配置、Agent 创建、Function Tool 定义和多 Agent 协作的基本用法。通过完整的代码示例展示如何使用 function_tool 装饰器定义工具、如何配置 Agent 指令，以及如何通过 Runner 执行 Agent 并获取结果。",
  "content": "# 概述\n\nOpenAI Agents SDK 是一个轻量级的 Python 库，用于构建和编排 AI Agent。与 LangChain 不同，它专注于 Agent 编排的核心能力，提供简洁的 API 和强大的多 Agent 协作机制（handoff）。\n\n## 前置条件\n\n- Python 3.10+\n- OpenAI API Key\n- 安装：`pip install openai-agents`\n\n## 核心用法\n\n### 1. 创建基础 Agent\n\n```python\nfrom agents import Agent\n\nagent = Agent(\n    name=\"Math Tutor\",\n    instructions=\"你是一个数学导师，清晰地解释数学概念和计算步骤。\"\n)\n```\n\n### 2. 定义 Function Tool\n\n使用 @function_tool 装饰器定义工具：\n\n```python\nfrom agents import function_tool, Agent, Runner\nimport asyncio\n\n@function_tool\ndef calculate(expression: str) -> str:\n    \"\"\"执行数学表达式计算\n    \n    Args:\n        expression: 数学表达式，如 \"2 + 3 * 4\"\n    \"\"\"\n    try:\n        result = eval(expression)\n        return str(result)\n    except Exception as e:\n        return f\"计算错误: {e}\"\n\n# 创建带工具的 Agent\nmath_agent = Agent(\n    name=\"Calculator\",\n    instructions=\"你是一个计算器助手。使用 calculate 工具进行数学运算。\",\n    tools=[calculate]\n)\n\n# 运行 Agent\nasync def main():\n    result = await Runner.run(math_agent, \"计算 25 * 4 + 10 的值\")\n    print(result.final_output)\n\nasyncio.run(main())\n```\n\n### 3. 多 Agent 协作（Handoff）\n\n```python\nfrom agents import Agent, Runner\nimport asyncio\n\n# 定义专家 Agent\ncoder = Agent(\n    name=\"Coder\",\n    instructions=\"你是一个 Python 编程专家，帮助用户编写代码。\"\n)\n\nresearcher = Agent(\n    name=\"Researcher\", \n    instructions=\"你是一个研究助手，帮助用户查找和分析信息。\"\n)\n\n# 分类 Agent（路由器）\ntriage = Agent(\n    name=\"Triage\",\n    instructions=\"分析用户问题，将其分配给合适的专家。\",\n    handoffs=[coder, researcher]\n)\n\n# 运行\nasync def main():\n    result = await Runner.run(triage, \"帮我写一个快速排序算法\")\n    print(f\"回答: {result.final_output}\")\n    print(f\"处理者: {result.last_agent.name}\")\n\nasyncio.run(main())\n```\n\n### 4. 带上下文的 Tool 定义\n\n```python\nfrom agents import function_tool, Agent, Runner\nimport asyncio\n\n@function_tool\ndef search_knowledge_base(query: str, category: str = \"general\") -> str:\n    \"\"\"在知识库中搜索相关信息\n    \n    Args:\n        query: 搜索关键词\n        category: 知识分类，默认为 general\n    \"\"\"\n    # 模拟知识库搜索\n    return f\"在 {category} 分类中找到关于 '{query}' 的结果\"\n\nassistant = Agent(\n    name=\"Knowledge Assistant\",\n    instructions=\"你是一个知识助手。使用知识库搜索工具回答用户问题。\",\n    tools=[search_knowledge_base]\n)\n\nasync def main():\n    result = await Runner.run(\n        assistant, \n        \"查找关于 Python 异步编程的资料\"\n    )\n    print(result.final_output)\n\nasyncio.run(main())\n```\n\n## 完整示例：任务助手\n\n```python\nfrom agents import Agent, Runner, function_tool\nimport asyncio\n\n@function_tool\ndef create_task(title: str, priority: str = \"medium\") -> str:\n    \"\"\"创建新任务\n    \n    Args:\n        title: 任务标题\n        priority: 优先级 (high/medium/low)\n    \"\"\"\n    return f\"已创建任务: [{priority}] {title}\"\n\n@function_tool\ndef list_tasks() -> str:\n    \"\"\"列出所有任务\"\"\"\n    return \"当前任务:\\n1. [high] 完成报告\\n2. [medium] 回复邮件\"\n\ntask_agent = Agent(\n    name=\"Task Manager\",\n    instructions=\"你是一个任务管理助手，帮助用户创建和管理任务。\",\n    tools=[create_task, list_tasks]\n)\n\nasync def main():\n    result = await Runner.run(task_agent, \"创建一个高优先级的代码评审任务\")\n    print(result.final_output)\n\nasyncio.run(main())\n```\n\n## 常见问题\n\n**Q1: @function_tool 的 description 字段从哪里来？**\n- 使用 docstring（文档字符串）的格式编写\n- Args 部分定义参数说明\n- 函数名会自动作为工具名\n\n**Q2: Handoff 和 Tools 的区别是什么？**\n- Tools 是 Agent 可调用的外部能力（函数）\n- Handoff 是 Agent 之间的任务转移\n- Handoff 会传递完整的对话上下文\n\n**Q3: 如何调试 Agent 的执行过程？**\n- 在 OpenAI 控制台查看 Trace viewer\n- 使用 `Runner.run()` 的 `verbose=True` 参数\n- 检查 `result.last_agent` 了解最终处理者\n\n## 参考资料\n\n- [OpenAI Agents SDK 官方文档](https://openai.github.io/openai-agents-python/)\n- [GitHub 仓库](https://github.com/openai/openai-agents-python)\n- [快速入门指南](https://openai.github.io/openai-agents-python/zh/quickstart/)\n",
  "lang": "zh",
  "domain": "foundation",
  "tags": [
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    "agents-sdk",
    "function-tool",
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